Peptipedia
HormonalFDA ApprovedFDA Approved

Insulin

Also known as Regular Insulin, Humulin, Novolin

The essential peptide hormone for glucose metabolism. Multiple formulations from rapid to long-acting available for diabetes management.

FDA Approved - Essential diabetes medication
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Regulatory Pathway

Preclinical
Phase I
Phase II
Phase III
Phase IV
Approved

Dosing Protocol

Typical Dose

Variable by type and individual

Frequency

Per diabetes management protocol

Duration

Lifelong for Type 1 diabetes

Community-reported dosing. Individual results vary. Not a medical recommendation.
Typical community protocol: Variable by type and individual via Subcutaneous injection, pump, or inhaled, Per diabetes management protocol. Dose range: Variable. Duration: Lifelong for Type 1 diabetes.

Timing & Administration

Administer via Subcutaneous injection, pump, or inhaled. Frequency: Per diabetes management protocol.

Mechanism of Action

Binds to insulin receptors, triggering glucose uptake into cells, glycogen synthesis, protein synthesis, and fat storage. Primary anabolic hormone regulating blood glucose levels.

Research Summary

Evidence level: fda approved. Clinical status: FDA Approved - Essential diabetes medication.

Side Effects & Safety

Important Warnings

  • Low therapeutic index requiring careful monitoring
Hypoglycemia (most common and serious)
weight gain
injection site reactions
lipodystrophy
allergic reactions
hypokalemia
vision changes

References

No references available.

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