SS-31
Also known as Elamipretide, Bendavia, MTP-131, FORZINITY
A mitochondria-targeted peptide that improves cellular energy production. FDA approved for Barth syndrome in September 2025.
Regulatory Pathway
Dosing Protocol
Typical Dose
40 mg subcutaneous daily
Frequency
Once daily
Duration
Variable by condition
Timing & Administration
Administer via Subcutaneous injection or IV infusion. Frequency: Once daily.
Popular Uses
Mechanism of Action
Concentrates 1000-fold in mitochondria, binding to cardiolipin on the inner membrane. Optimizes electron transport chain function, reduces reactive oxygen species, and prevents cardiolipin peroxidation during cellular stress.
Research Summary
Evidence level: fda approved. Clinical status: FDA Approved - Barth syndrome (FORZINITY, September 2025); Phase 3 for other indications.
Side Effects & Safety
Important Warnings
- May trigger histamine release - use caution with MCAS or histamine sensitivity
References
No references available.
Related Peptides
Browse all →A peptide studied for its ability to promote deep sleep and modulate stress hormones.
View profileA mitochondria-derived peptide discovered for its neuroprotective effects against Alzheimer's-related toxicity.
View profileWhile not peptides, NAD+ precursors are frequently discussed alongside peptides in longevity circles. They boost cellular NAD+ levels, supporting energy metabolism and sirtuin activity.
View profile